EXW starts near the seller's premises
The buyer usually takes on more transport and export coordination from the named place. Confirm loading, export clearance, pickup access and the exact handover point.
FOB needs a named port
FOB is designed around shipment on board at the named port. Confirm inland transport, export handling, origin charges, booking responsibility and which document proves shipment.
DAP and DDP reach the destination
Both require a named destination. DAP and DDP differ materially in import clearance and duties/taxes; obtain written confirmation for the actual country rather than assuming every route supports DDP.
Compare landed cost, not the label
Add product, packaging, origin fees, freight, insurance, customs, duties/taxes, brokerage and final delivery using the same destination and shipment assumptions.
Quick answers
Which Incoterm is cheapest?
There is no universal cheapest term. The answer depends on route, shipment size, buyer import capability and which costs are included.
Does DDP always include every destination charge?
Do not assume so. Ask the seller to state the named place, importer-of-record arrangement, duties/taxes and exclusions in writing.
Can preparation time be used as transit time?
No. Product preparation and carrier transit are separate periods and should be quoted separately.